Imba yemidziyo chivakwa chakagadzirirwa modular chivakwa chine simbi yemudziyo semuviri mukuru.Ese modular mauniti ese ari maviri ezvimiro zvikamu uye spatial zvikamu.Vane zvigadziro zvekutsigira zvakazvimiririra zvisingatsamiri kunze.Mukati memodules yakakamurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvinoshanda.Dzimba dzemuContainer dzine hunhu hwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, kufambisa kuri nyore, disassembly uye kusangana, uye kushandiswazve, uye zvakashandiswa pasirese.Seimwe yeakanakisa magadzirirwo munhoroondo yezvivakwa muzana ramakore rapfuura, imba yemidziyo yakanyorwa neAmerican "Business Weekly" seimwe yemakumi maviri akakosha ekugadzira ayo anogona kunyanya kushandura mararamiro evanhu munyika. anotevera 10 makore, izvo zviri kukonzera kutarisisa kwakawanda kubva kune vanogadzira midziyo.Teerera uye dzidzira uchishingaira.
1 Macro nharaunda yekuvandudza dzimba dzemidziyo
Mamiriro ekunze ebhizinesi akakamurwa kuita micro-environment uye macro-environment: iyo micro-environment inoreva iyo chaiyo nharaunda yekurarama nekusimudzira bhizinesi, kureva, nharaunda yeindasitiri uye musika makwikwi nharaunda inobata zvakananga. kugadzirwa uye kushanda kwebhizinesi., vatengi uye zvimwe zvinhu, pesvedzero yezvinhu izvi inonyanya kujeka, mabhizinesi ekugadzira midziyo ari nyore kubata;Iyo macro nharaunda inoreva nharaunda umo kugadzirwa uye kushanda kwemabasa emabhizinesi ari, kusanganisira nharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika, nharaunda yepamutemo, nharaunda yehupfumi, magariro uye tsika nharaunda, tekinoroji nharaunda, Zvakatipoteredza zvinhu uye emergency, etc. Izvi zvinhu zvinogara zvichibata pane musika kutanga, uye wozokanganisa bhizinesi zvisina kunanga.Ivo vari kunze kwekutonga kwebhizinesi.Hazvisi nyore kuti mabhizinesi ekugadzira midziyo azvibate nemazvo.Naizvozvo, zvinonyanya kukosha kuongorora maitiro eiyo macro nharaunda pakuvandudzwa kwedzimba dzemidziyo.
1.1 Nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika
Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose kunosimudzira gadziriso huru yemamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika, inowedzera kukurumidza kurongeka uye kuyerera kwezvinhu zvekugadzira pamwero wepasi rose, uye kutumira kunze kwenyika uye kutamiswa kwemaindasitiri ekugadzira nenyika dzakabudirira kunopa mikana yakakosha yebudiriro yehupfumi hwenyika yangu.kuita basa rinokosha.MuGovernment Work Report ya2008, "kusimudzira kugadziridzwa kwehupfumi, shandura nzira yekusimudzira, kudzora zvakasimba kudyara kweupofu uye kuvaka kusashanda mumaindasitiri ane simba rakanyanya kushandiswa, kuburitswa kwakanyanya, uye kuwandisa, uye kuwedzera mwero wekuwana uye chiyero chemari yemapurojekiti kumaindasitiri ayo kudzikisira budiriro.Zviri mukati "zvinonongedza nzira yekuvandudza yekugadzira uye mashandiro ebhizinesi.Seyepamusoro-tekinoroji, yakakwirira-yakawedzera-yakawedzerwa mudziyo inotorwa chigadzirwa, dzimba dzemidziyo dzinopa mikana inoshanda kune indasitiri yemidziyo kugadzirisa chimiro chechigadzirwa, kuvandudza mashandisiro ekushandisa, kuisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekusimudzira kwenguva refu, uye kuwana budiriro inoenderera.
1.2 Nzvimbo yepamutemo
1.2.1 Zvinhu zvinochengetedza magetsi
Kubva pakaitika dambudziko resimba repasi rose muna 1973, nyika dzakaisa kuchengetedza simba rekuvaka sechinangwa chebasa rekuchengetedza simba, uye dzakatevedzana dzakagadzira nekuita nhevedzano yemitemo yekuchengetedza simba uye zviyero.
Hurumende yeUS yakashambadza "Energy Conservation Regulations in New Building Structures" muna Zvita 1977, uye yakagadzira "National Appliance Energy Conservation Act" kuti iite mashoma emagetsi ekushandisa zvivakwa nemidziyo yemumba.Aya maitiro agara achigadziridzwa uye akawedzera kuomesa.Pamusoro pezvo, munzvimbo dzakasimukira hupfumi dzakadai seCalifornia neNew York, kuvaka mazinga ekushandisa simba kwakaomarara kupfuura ayo ehurumende yemubatanidzwa.
Iyo Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) yakava gwaro remutemo rinosungirwa reEuropean Union muna Ndira 2003 uye ndiro rakanyanya kukosha rehurongwa hwegwaro rekuvaka kuchengetedza simba muEuropean Union.Kubva pakatanga kushanda EPBD, nyika dziri nhengo dzeEU dzakagadzira kana kuvandudza mitemo yekuchengetedza simba rekuvaka zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neEPBD uye yakasanganiswa nemamiriro adzo chaiwo.Zvadaro chengetedza simba ne25% ~ 30%;�Germany yakatanga mirau mitsva yekuchengetedza simba mukuvaka muna Kubvumbi 2006. Mutemo uyu unodonongodza pamusoro pekushandiswa kwezvinodiwa zveEPBD mumativi ese, uye unotaura zvinodikanwa zvishoma zvemashandisirwo emagetsi pachikamu chechimiro chezvivakwa zvakasiyana.
Kubva 1980s, nyika yangu yakatevedzana kushambadza kuvaka mitemo yekuchengetedza simba uye kuvaka mitemo yekuchengetedza simba, seJGJ26-1995 "Civil Building Energy-Saving Design Standards (Heating Residential Buildings)", JGJ134-2001 "Residential Building Energy Conservation in Nzvimbo dzeZhizha dzinopisa uye Dzinotonhora Nguva yechando”.Magadzirirwo Magadzirirwo ", JGJ75-2003 "Magadzirirwo Magadzirirwo eMagetsi Kuchengetedza Kwezvivakwa Zvekugara munzvimbo Dzinopisa uye Inodziya Yechando Nzvimbo", GB50189-2005 "Magadzirirwo eMitemo Yekuchengetedza Simba reZvivakwa Zveruzhinji" nezvimwewo;system.
1.2.2 Magetsi ekuchengetedza zvinhu
Kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi hakunei nekuchengetedza kwemunhu chete, asiwo kune hukama nekuchengetedzwa kwezvivakwa, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi uye zvimwe zvivakwa uye zvakajairika basa remagetsi emagetsi.Nyika zhinji dzakabudirira dzakaisa kukosha kukuru kune nyaya dzekuchengetedza magetsi uye dzakagadzira yakakosha mitemo yekuchengetedza magetsi."Electrical Regulations" uye "Low Voltage Directive" yeEuropean Union, nezvimwewo. Iyi mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi yakaita basa rakanaka mukudzivirira kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye kudzivirira moto wemagetsi.
Iyo "National Electrical Code" yeUnited States inomiririra zvizere "yakatarisana nevanhu" kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi.Rinotaura zvakajeka papeji raro rekutanga: “Chinangwa chemutemo uyu ndechekupa kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu nemidziyo, uye kudzivirira njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwemagetsi.Zvinoenderana neazvino tekinoroji uye zvinodiwa zveindasitiri, iyo National Fire Protection Association yeUnited States inodzokorora iyo National Electrical Code makore matatu ega ega, kuitira kuti gwaro rinonyanya kukosha mundima yekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi muUnited States rive nemirairo yakasimba uye yakadzama, yakaoma. chinyorwa, uye kuvimbika kwakasimba.Kushanda, uye chengetedza chimiro chepamusoro chezviyero uye zvakatemwa kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo, uchinakidzwa nemukurumbira wepamusoro munyika.
Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvenhoroondo, kuumbwa kwemitemo yenyika yangu yekuchengetedza magetsi kunoreva zviyero zveyaimbova Soviet Union "Electrical Installation Regulations", iyo inongosimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo uye inoshaya pfungwa ye "vanhu-vanotarisana nevanhu"., Zvimwe zvigadziro zvine matambudziko akadai sekusajeka, kupesana, uye kuomerwa mukuita, uye kutenderera kwekudzokorora kwakareba, izvo zvisingachasangana nezvinodiwa zvezvino kukurumidza kusimudzira magariro nehupfumi.Naizvozvo, kana zvichienzaniswa nenyika dzakabudirira, kuchine gaka rakakura mumitemo yenyika yangu yekuchengetedza magetsi.
1.3 Economic environment
Munguva yekutambudzika kwepashure pemari, hupfumi hwepasi rose huri kuenzanisa pamutengo wekukura kwakaderera, kushandiswa kwepasi rose uye nzvimbo yemisika yekutengeserana kwenyika ishoma, uye makwikwi emusika anowedzera;nyika dzakabudirira dzinosimbisazve kugadzirwa, kugadzira uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika, uye muenzaniso wekukura kwehupfumi wakashandura ku "re-industrialization" , kwete chete kuderedza nzvimbo yemusika yenyika dzakabudirira, asiwo inogona kukwikwidzana nenyika dzichiri kusimukira pamusika.Kupokana kwekugadzirisa hupfumi hwenyika kwakonzera kuchengetedzwa kwakakomba kwekutengeserana, uye minda, chiyero uye zvinhu zvekunetsana kwekutengeserana zvawedzera, zvichiunza matambudziko akakomba kune ramangwana budiriro yekutengeserana kwenyika.Takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ehupfumi akadai, mabhizinesi emunyika anogadzira mabhokisi ekunze anoenderana nekunze anofanirwa kugadzirisa nzira dzebhizinesi ravo nenguva, kuwedzera misika mitsva yekunze, uye kudzivirira kuwandisa kwemisika yekunze;zvishoma nezvishoma chinja kubva kune yakaderera-mutengo wemakwikwi zano kuenda kune yakasarudzika nzira yemakwikwi, uye teerera zvakanyanya kune Yakazvimirira tsvagiridzo nekusimudzira uye hunyanzvi, kusimudzira kukwikwidza kwepakati, uye kukurudzira kusimudzira kwakasimba kwemabhizinesi.
1.4 Nzvimbo yemagariro uye tsika
1.4.1 Kuchinja kwemararamiro
Nekukurumidza kukura kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, mararamiro evanhu akachinja zvakanyanya, izvo zvakakurudzira kufunga kutsva pamusoro penzvimbo yavo yekugara.Zvinodiwa nevanhu padzimba hazvichaganhurirwe kune pekugara kubva kumhepo nemvura, uye zvitsva zvinodiwa sekunyaradza, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza simba, uye ecology zviri kuramba zvichibuda.Pakarongwa kuti imwe yechinyakare modhi yekuvaka haichakwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevanhu, uye dzimba dzemidziyo ipfungwa nyowani, senge dzimba dzevadzidzi dzemuAmsterdam, Netherlands, mahotera ehupfumi muLondon, England, uye maguta emidziyo ari pachiteshi. nzvimbo, uye Naples, Italy.Container Puma franchise chitoro, mudziyo nomadic museum muTokyo, Japan, nezvimwe.
1.4.2 Impact yeDemographic Structure
Dzvinyiriro yehuwandu hwevanhu pasi rose iri kuramba ichiwedzera, zvichiratidzwa nekukura kwevanhu munyika dzichiri kusimukira uye kuchembera kwevanhu munyika dzakabudirira.Vatengi vemazera akasiyana vane misiyano iri pachena mukushandisa zvinodiwa uye maitiro.Kune vechidiki nevakuru vane mamiriro ehupfumi asina kunaka, chinhu chekushandiswa kwedzimba chinofanira kunge chiri chekugara.Mamiriro ekugovera edzimba dzakasimukira dzeAmerica dzakagadzirwa kubva kumaRV uye zera revatengi rinoratidza chokwadi ichi: Dzimba dzeAmerica dzakasimukira dzinonyanya kutariswa munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba dzine hupfumi, uye vazhinji vevatengi mapoka ane mari shoma, kunyanya vadiki nevakuru .Serudzi rwedzimba dzakasimukira, dzimba dzemabhokisi dzine tarisiro huru yebudiriro pakati pemapoka ane mari shoma, kunyanya vechidiki nevakweguru.
1.5 Nzvimbo yehunyanzvi
Nzvimbo yetekinoroji inoreva danho retekinoroji, simba retekinoroji, mutemo wetekinoroji uye maitiro ekuvandudza tekinoroji munharaunda yemagariro umo bhizinesi riripo.Iyo tekinoroji nharaunda yedzimba dzemidziyo inosanganisira zvese zvekuvaka sainzi uye tekinoroji uye inotsigira matekinoroji ane chekuita nekutakura kwemidziyo.Iyo mharadzano yavo inoumba modular tekinoroji yedzimba dzemidziyo yakavakirwa pane yekuvaka sainzi uye tekinoroji.
Kukurumidza kusimukira kwesainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji, kunyanya kutaurirana kwekombuta uye tekinoroji yetiweki, yakurudzira nhamba huru yemidziyo yemazuva ano uye kubudirira kwepamusoro-soro kushandiswe kune zvivakwa, uye njere dzekuvaka dziri kugamuchira kutariswa kwakakura nekutsvaga;matambudziko maviri makuru epasi rose, kushomeka kwezviwanikwa uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kusimudzira Nekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa munzira yekudzivirira nharaunda, kuchengetedza simba, uye kudzokorodza zviwanikwa.Kana vagadziri vedzimba dzemidziyo vachigadzira zvigadzirwa zveimba yemidziyo, havafanire kungotarisa tekinoroji yekutakura midziyo, asi zvakare kunyatsotevera danho retekinoroji uye budiriro yeindasitiri yekuvaka, ramba uchienderana nekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekuvaka, zvinhu zvitsva, uye zvitsva. maitiro, kuitira kuti kuvandudzwa kwedzimba dzemidziyo zvienderane nekuvandudzwa kwedzimba dzemidziyo.Nhanho yekuchinja nguva.
1.6 Zvinhu zvakatipoteredza
Parizvino, nzanga yevanhu iri kutarisana nedenho dzakakomba dzokushomeka kwesimba uye kushatiswa kwemhoteredzo.Sekureva kwehuwandu, kuvaka kunopedza 50% yezviwanikwa zvepasirese, marara ekuvaka anotora makumi mana muzana emarara anogadzirwa nevanhu, uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kusvibiswa kwechiedza, uye kusvibiswa kwemagetsi zvine chekuita neakaundi yekuvaka ye34% yenzvimbo yese yezvakatipoteredza. kusvibiswa.Sechigadzirwa chakanyanya kukosha chebudiriro yemunhu, zvivakwa zvave zvisingagoneki mumhando yebudiriro yechinyakare.Kuti utarise iyo inogoneka yekusimudzira modhi yezvivakwa, tsvaga kuwirirana pakati pekusimudzira hupfumi nemagariro, zviwanikwa uye zvakatipoteredza, uye kuwana kuwirirana pakati pemunhu nemasikirwo kwave kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekugadzira indasitiri.Muna 1993, iyo 18th Congress yeInternational Association of Architects yakaburitsa "Chicago Declaration" ine dingindira rekuti "Architecture at the Crossroads-Building a Sustainable Future", iyo yakaratidza kuti "zvivakwa uye nharaunda yakavakirwa inoita basa rakakosha kukanganisa kunoita vanhu pazvakatipoteredza.”Zvimiro zvinoita basa rakakosha;dhizaini inoenderana nemisimboti yebudiriro inoenderera inoda kutariswa kwakadzama kwezviwanikwa uye kugona kwesimba, kukanganisa hutano, uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu. "Dzimba dzemuContainer dzinosanganisira pfungwa dzekudzokorodza zviwanikwa, kuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye ndiyo Imwe yenzira dzekuona kusimudzira kwakasimba kwezvivakwa.
1.7 Emergency
Mumakore achangopfuura, njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika, kuputika kwemakomo uye mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka akawedzera zvakanyanya.Pashure pokudengenyeka kwapasi, kana chiverengero chikuru chedzimba chaparadzwa, vanyajambwa vachatamiswa.Dzimba dzemacontainer dzine hunhu hwemodular resettlement house.Kwave kune zviitiko zvakawanda zvinobudirira munyika uye kunze kwenyika mukugadzirisa nokukurumidza zvinetso zvehupenyu zvevanotambudzwa.Kunenge kuchiwedzera kudiwa kwedzimba dzemabhokisi sedzimba dzekugariswa vanhu patsva mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-23-2022