East Prefabricated House Manufacture (Shandong) Co., Ltd.

Nhoroondo yedzimba dzakagadzirwa kare

P

ost-Hondo Yenyika II Yakagadzirirwa Aluminium uye Dzimba dzeSimbi uye Kukosha Kwadzo Nhasi

1. Background

Pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II (WW II), muridzi wemba yeUS wakadzikira kusvika pa43.6% muna 1940, zvakanyanya semhedzisiro yeKuderera Kukuru uye kushomeka kwehupfumi hweUS mune zvakazoitika.Munguva yeWW II, War Production Board yakapa Conservation Order L-41 musi wa9 Kubvumbi 1942, ichiisa zvese zvekuvaka pasi pehutongi hwakaoma.Kurongeka kwakaita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuti vavaki vatore mvumo kubva kuWar Production Board kuti vatange kuvaka kunodhura kupfuura mamwe maburi panguva ipi neipi inoenderera yemwedzi gumi nemiviri.Pakuvaka kwekugara, iyo muganhu yaive $500, ine miganho yakakwira yebhizinesi nekuvaka kwekurima.Kukanganisa kwezvinhu izvi pakuvaka kwekugara kweUS pakati pa1921 na1945 kunoonekwa mune inotevera chati, inoratidza kuderera kwakanyanya panguva yeKuderera Kukuru uye zvakare mushure mekunge Order L-41 yapihwa.

KUKWERERA-KUVAKA-KUVAKA-1921-1945

 

Kwakabva: "Kuvaka Mumakore Ehondo - 1942 -45,"
US Department of Labor, Bulletin Nhamba 915

Pakupera kweWW II, US yaive inofungidzirwa mamirioni 7.6 mauto mhiri kwemakungwa.War Production Board yakabvisa L-41 musi wa 15 Gumiguru 1945, mwedzi mishanu mushure mezuva reVE (Kukunda muEurope) musi wa8 Chivabvu 1945 uye mavhiki matanhatu mushure mekunge WW II yapera apo Japan yakakanda mapfumo pasi pa2 Gunyana 1945. Mumwedzi mishanu kubva pazuva reVE. , masoja anoda kusvika mamiriyoni matatu akanga atodzokera kuUnited States.Mushure mekupera kwehondo, US yakanga yakatarisana nekudzoka kwemamiriyoni akati wandei evarwi vehondo.Vazhinji muboka guru iri revarwi vanga vachitsvaga kutenga dzimba mumisika yedzimba dzisina kugadzirira kusvika kwavo.Mukati menguva pfupi yegore mushure mekunge Order L-41 yabviswa, huwandu hwepamwedzi hwekushandisa dzimba dzepachivande hwakawedzera zvakapetwa kashanu.Uku kwaingove kutanga kwemashure ehondo yekuvaka dzimba muUS.

Muna March 1946Popular ScienceChinyorwa chemagazini chine musoro unoti "Stopgap Housing," munyori, Hartley Howe, akati, "Kunyangwe kana dzimba dzechigarire 1,200,000 dzavakwa zvino gore rega rega - uye United States haisati yambovaka 1,000,000 mugore rimwechete - zvichapfuura makore gumi pamberi pese. nyika inogara zvakanaka.Nokudaro, pokugara kwechinguvana kwakakosha kumisa mukaha iwoyo. "Kupa zororo repakarepo, Hurumende yeFederal yakaita kuti kuwanikwe zviuru zvakawanda zvehondo zvakasara zvesimbi Quonset huts dzekugara kwevanhu kwenguva pfupi.

Kutarisana nedambudziko rakasiyana munguva pfupi yapfuura yehondo, maindasitiri mazhinji enguva yehondo akaita kuti zvibvumirano zvawo zvigurwe kana kukanzurwa uye kugadzirwa kwefekitori kusingashande.Nekuderera kwekugadzirwa kwemauto, indasitiri yendege yeUS yakatsvaga mimwe mikana yekushandisa ruzivo rwavo rwealuminium, simbi uye mapurasitiki muhupfumi hwepashure pehondo.

2. Post-WW II prefab aruminiyamu nedzimba dzesimbi muUS

Muna 2 Gunyana 1946 chinyorwa cheAviation Newspaive nenyaya yaiti “Indasitiri Yendege Ichagadzira Dzimba dzeAluminium dzeVeterans,” iyo yakashuma zvinotevera:

  • “Vagadziri vendege gumi nevaviri vari kutarisirwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera kupinda muchirongwa chehurumende chekuvaka dzimba dzekare.”
  • "Makambani endege anotarisa paFHA (Federal Housing Administration) yakabvumidzwa madhizaini mualuminium uye musanganiswa wayo neplywood uye insulation, nepo mamwe makambani achivaka maprefabs musimbi nezvimwe zvinhu.Zvigadzirwa zvichapihwa kune vanogadzira. "
  • “Anenge mapepa ose earuminiyamu ehondo akashandiswa kupfirira denga nokuisa parutivi muzvirongwa zvokukurumidzira zvokuvaka;hapana anosara echirongwa che prefab.Civilian Production Administration yakagamuchira kubva kuFHA zvakatemwa zvearuminiyamu sheet uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa, zvichida pasi pezvakakosha.Pepa realuminium rakawanda remaprefabs richava 12 kusvika 20 geji - .019 - .051 inch."

Muna October 1946,Aviation Newsmagazini yakashuma, kuti: “Hondo inotyisidzirwa pamusoro pearuminiyamu nokuda kwedzimba, nokuda kwendege nezviuru zvezvinhu zvapashure pehondo muna 1947 hairangarirwi zvakakomba zvikuru neNational Housing Agency, iyo iri kurukurirano nemakambani endege kuvaka dzimba dzearuminiyamu dzakagadzirwa kare pamwero wegore negore wakakwirira zvikuru. 500. Kubuda kwedzimba muna 1947, kana vakaswedera pedyo nekusangana nezvisungo zveNHA, zvingave zvakakura kudarika kugadzirwa kwavo kwendege, iko zvino kunofungidzirwa kuva isingasviki bhiriyoni imwe yemadhora muna 1946. "

Mukupera kwa1946, FHA Administrator, Wilson Wyatt, akakurudzira kuti War Assets Administration (WAA), iyo yakagadzirwa muna Ndira 1946 kuti irase zvakasara zvehurumende zvivakwa uye zvigadzirwa, kwenguva pfupi kunyima mafekitori endege akawandisa kubva pakurojesa kana kutengesa uye kupa ndege. vagadziri vakada kuwana kune mamwe mafekitori enguva yehondo ayo anogona kushandurwa kuti agadzirise dzimba zhinji.WAA akabvuma.

Pasi pechirongwa chehurumende, vagadziri vedzimba dzeprefab vangadai vakachengetedzwa nemari neFHA vimbiso yekuvhara 90% yemitengo, kusanganisira vimbiso neReconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) yekutenga chero dzimba dzisina kutengeswa.

Vazhinji vagadziri vendege vakaita hurukuro dzekutanga neFHA, kusanganisira: Douglas, McDonnell, Martin, Bell, Fairchild, Curtis-Wright, Consolidated-Vultee, North America, Goodyear naRyan.Boeing haana kupinda muhurukuro idzodzo uye Douglas, McDonnell naRyan vakabuda kare.Pakupedzisira, vagadziri vendege vazhinji vaive vasingade kuzvipira kuchirongwa chedzimba dzepashure pehondo, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunetsekana kwavo pamusoro pekuvhiringidza zvivakwa zvavo zvefekitori yendege zvichibva pakufungidzira kwemusika wehukuru uye nguva yemusika weprefab dzimba uye kushaikwa kwekondirakiti chaiyo. zvikumbiro kubva kuFHA neNHA.

Yekutanga bhizinesi kesi yearuminiyamu yepashure pehondo uye simbi dzakafanogadzirwa dzimba yaive yekuti yaigona kugadzirwa nekukurumidza muhuwandu hukuru uye kutengeswa zvine pundutso nemutengo wakaderera pane yakajairika dzimba dzakagadzirwa nemapuranga.Zvakare, makambani anogadzira ndege akadzoreredza mamwe ehuwandu hwebasa hwakarasika mushure meWW II yapera uye ivo vakachengetedzwa kubva kuhuwandu hwenjodzi yavo yemari mumabasa ekugadzira imba.

Hazvishamise kuti makondirakiti ekuvaka uye masangano evashandi vekuvaka aipesana nechirongwa ichi kugadzira dzimba dzakavakwa kare mumafekitori, sezvo izvi zvaizobvisa bhizinesi kubva kuindasitiri yekuvaka.Mumaguta akawanda masangano aisabvumira nhengo dzawo kuisa zvinhu zvakagara zvagadzirwa.Zvimwe zvinhu zvinonetsa, makodhi ekuvaka emunharaunda uye zviga zvenzvimbo zvaive zvisingaenderane nehurongwa hwakakura hwekuendesa dzimba dzakagadzirwa-zhinji, dzakagadzirwa kare.

Tarisiro yetarisiro yekugadzira uye kumisa nhamba huru dzearuminiyamu dzakagadzirwa kare uye dzimba dzesimbi mune post-WW II USA haina kumbobvira yaitika.Panzvimbo pekugadzira mazana ezviuru edzimba pagore, vashanu vanotevera vagadziri veUS vakagadzira isingasviki zviuru zviviri nemazana matanhatu edzimba dzealuminium nesimbi dzakagadzirwa mumakore gumi anotevera WW II: Beech Aircraft, Lincoln Houses Corp., Consolidated-Vultee, Lustron Corp. . uye Aluminium Company yeAmerica (Alcoa).Kusiyana neizvi, maprefabricators anopa dzimwe dzimba dzemazuva ose akabudisa zvikamu 37,200 muna 1946 uye 37,400 muna 1947. Kudiwa kwemusika kwaivapo, asi kwete kwealuminium nesimbi dzakagadzirirwa dzimba.

US post-WW II yakagadzirwa nearuminiyamu nedzimba dzesimbi

Vagadziri veUS ava havana kuita chikamu chakakosha mukubatsira kugadzirisa kushomeka kwedzimba dzepashure-WW II.Zvisineyi, idzi dzimba dzearuminiyamu nesimbi dzichiri dzakamira semienzaniso yakakosha yedzimba dzinodhura idzo, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, dzinogona kugadzirwa-zhinji nanhasi kubatsira kugadzirisa kushomeka kwedzimba dzinodhura munzvimbo zhinji dzemumadhorobha nemumadhorobha muUS.

Zvimwe zveUS post-WW II kudiwa kwedzimba kwakazadzikiswa nekumira, dzimba dzenguva pfupi dzichishandiswa zvakare chinangwa, yakasara yenguva yehondo simbi Quonset huts, mabharaki emasoja, nzvimbo dzakareruka dzekugara dzemhuri dzenguva pfupi, nzvimbo dzekugara dzinotakurika, trailer, uye "dzimba dzinoparara. ,” idzo dzakagadzirirwa kuputswa, kutamiswa uye kubatanidzwazve pose pazvinenge zvichidiwa.Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve post-WW II yekumisa gap dzimba muUS muHartley Howe's Kurume 1946 chinyorwa muPopular Sayenzi (ona chinongedzo pazasi).

Indasitiri yekuvaka yakawedzera nekukurumidza mushure meWW II kubatsira kuzadzisa kudiwa kwedzimba nedzimba dzakavakwa dzakagara dzakagadzirwa, uye dzakawanda dzichivakwa mumaturakiti makuru edzimba munzvimbo dziri kukurumidza kuwedzera.Pakati pa1945 na1952, Veterans Administration yakashuma kuti yakanga yatsigira zvikwereti zvemba zvemamiriyoni makumi maviri nemana zveWW II veterans.Veterans ava vakabatsira kusimudzira varidzi vekuUS kubva pa43.6% muna 1940 kusvika pa62% muna 1960.

Maviri post-WW II US prefabricated aluminium uye dzimba dzesimbi dzakadzoserwa uye dziri kuratidzwa neruzhinji mumamyuziyamu anotevera:

Uye zvakare, unogona kushanyira akati wandei WW II Quonset huts kuSeabees Museum uye Memorial Park muNorth Kingstown, Rhode Island.Hapana akapfeka kunge post-WW II imba yevagari vemo.Iyo museum webhusaiti iri pano:https://www.seabeesmuseum.com

Iwe uchawana rumwe ruzivo muzvinyorwa zvangu pane chaiyo US post-WW II yakagadzirwa nealuminium uye dzimba dzesimbi pane anotevera link:

3. Post-WW II prefab aruminiyamu nedzimba dzesimbi muUK

Pakupera kweWW II muEurope (VE Day iri 8 Chivabvu 1945), iyo UK yakatarisana nekushomeka kwakanyanya kwedzimba sezvo mauto avo akadzokera kumusha kune imwe nyika yakanga yarasikirwa nedzimba dzinosvika mazana mana nemakumi mashanu nemazana mana nemazana mana nemazana mashanu nemazana mashanu nemazana mashanu nemazana mana nemazana mashanu nemazana mashanu nemazana mana neshanu nemazana mana nemazana nemazana neshanu nemazana neshanu neshanu.

Musi wa26 Kurume 1944, Winston Churchill akaita hurukuro yakakosha achivimbisa kuti UK ichagadzira 500,000 dzimba dzakavakwa kare kugadzirisa kushomeka kwedzimba.Gare gare mugore, Paramende yakapasisa Mutemo weHousing (Temporary Accommodation) Act, 1944, ichibhadharisa Ministry of Reconstruction nekugadzira mhinduro dzekushomeka kwedzimba kuri kuuya uye kuunza zviuru mazana matatu mukati memakore gumi, nebhajeti remamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu.

Mutemo uyu wakapa nzira dzakati wandei, kusanganisira kuvakwa kwedzimba dzenguva pfupi, dzakagara dzakagadzirwa nehupenyu hwakarongwa hwekusvika kumakore gumi.The Temporary Housing Programme (THP) yaizivikanwa zviri pamutemo seEmergency Factory Made (EFM) chirongwa chedzimba.Zviyero zvakajairwa zvakagadziriswa neBazi reMabasa (MoW) zvaida kuti ese EFM prefabricated units ave nehumwe hunhu, kusanganisira:

  • Nzvimbo yepasi pasi ye635 square feet (59 m2)
  • Hukuru hwehupamhi hwemamodule akagadzirwa e7.5 tsoka (2.3 m) kugonesa kutakurwa nemugwagwa munyika yose.
  • Shandisa pfungwa yeMoW ye "sevhisi unit," iyo yakaisa kicheni neimba yekugezera kumashure-kumashure kurerutsa mapombi epombi nematambo emagetsi uye kufambisa kugadzirwa kwefekitori kwechikamu.
  • Fekitari yakapendwa, ine "magnolia" (yero-chena) seyekutanga ruvara uye girini yakasvibira seye trim color.

Muna 1944, UK Ministry of Works yakaita chiratidziro cheveruzhinji paTate Gallery muLondon yemhando shanu dzedzimba dzenguva pfupi dzakagadzirwa.

  • Iyo yekutanga Portal yese-simbi prototype bungalow
  • Iyo AIROH (Aircraft Industries Research Organisation on Housing) aluminium bungalow, yakagadzirwa kubva kune zvakasara zvendege zvinhu.
  • Iyo Arcon simbi-yakaumbwa bungalow ine asbestos kongiri mapaneru.Iyi deign yakagadziridzwa kubva kune ese-simbi Portal prototype.
  • Magadzirirwo maviri emapuranga-akaumbwa eprefab, iyo Tarran uye Uni-Seco

Ichi chiratidziro chakakurumbira chakaitwa zvakare muna 1945 muLondon.

Supply cheni nyaya dzakanonotsa kutanga kwechirongwa cheEFM.Iyo yese-simbi Portal yakasiiwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 1945 nekuda kwekushomeka kwesimbi.Pakati pe1946, kushomeka kwehuni kwakakanganisa vamwe vanogadzira prefab.Idzo dzese dzimba dzeAIROH neArcon dzakatarisana nekusatarisirwa kwekugadzira uye kukwira kwemitengo yekuvaka, zvichiita kuti aya mabungalows enguva pfupi adhure kuvaka pane dzakavakwa matanda uye zvidhinha dzimba.

Pasi peChirongwa cheLend-Lease chakaziviswa muna Kukadzi 1945, US yakabvuma kupa UK neUS-yakavakwa, huni furemu prefabricated bungalows inozivikanwa seUK 100. Mupiro wekutanga waiva we30,000 units, izvo zvakazoderedzwa kusvika 8,000.Chibvumirano cheLend-Lease ichi chakapera muna Nyamavhuvhu 1945 apo UK yakatanga kukwidza kugadzirwa kwayo kwedzimba dzakagadzirwa kare.Yekutanga US-yakavakwa UK 100 prefabs yakasvika mukupera kwaMay/kutanga kwaJune 1945.

Chirongwa chekuvaka dzimba dzepashure pehondo yeUK yakabudirira chaizvo, ichiunza dzimba nyowani dzinosvika miriyoni imwe nemazana maviri pakati pa1945 na1951. Munguva iyi yekuvaka patsva, dzimba 156,623 dzenguva pfupi dzakavakwa dzemarudzi ese dzakaunzwa pasi pechirongwa cheEFM, chakapera muna 1949, ichipa dzimba dzekugara. vanhu vanenge hafu yemiriyoni.Zvinopfuura 92,800 zveizvi zvaive zvenguva pfupi aluminium nesimbi bungalows.Iyo AIROH aluminium bungalow yaive yakanyanya kufarirwa EFM modhi, ichiteverwa neArcon steel furemu bungalow uyezve huni furemu Uni-Seco.Pamusoro pezvo, anopfuura zviuru makumi mana nesere ezviuru zvealuminium uye dzimba dzakagadzirwa nesimbi dzakavakwa neAW Hawksley neBISF panguva iyoyo.

Mukuenzanisa nenhamba shoma kwazvo yearuminiyamu yepashure pehondo nesimbi dzakagadzirwa dzimba dzakavakwa muUS, kugadzirwa kwearuminiyamu nesimbi kuUK kwakabudirira zvikuru.

Muchinyorwa chaChikumi 25, 2018 muManchester Evening News, munyori Chris Osuh akataura kuti, "Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakati pe6 kana zviuru zvitanhatu zvemashure ehondo prefabs zvinoramba zviri muUK… .." Iyo Prefab Museum inochengeta mepu yakabatana inopindirana inozivikanwa. post-WW II prefab imba nzvimbo muUK pane inotevera link:https://www.prefabmuseum.uk/content/history/map

Prefab-Museum-mepu-850x1024

 Mufananidzo wePrefab Museum's interactive mepu (kwete kusanganisira prefabs muShetlands, ari pamusoro peiyi skrini).

 

MuUK, chimiro cheGiredhi II chinoreva kuti chimiro chakakosha munyika uye chinofarira zvakanyanya.Chete mashoma epashure pehondo prefabs akapihwa chinzvimbo seGiredhi II yakanyorwa zvivakwa:

  • Munzvimbo yePhoenix steel frame bungalows yakavakwa muna 1945 paWake Green Road, Moseley, Birmingham, gumi nematanhatu padzimba gumi nenomwe dzakapihwa chinzvimbo cheGiredhi II muna 1998.
  • Matanhatu eUni-Seco wood frame bungalows akavakwa muna 1945 - 46 muExcalibur Estate, Lewisham, London akapihwa chinzvimbo cheGrade II muna 2009. Panguva iyoyo, Excalibur Estates yaive nenhamba huru yeWW II prefabs muUK: 187 yakazara, ye mhando dzakawanda.

Dzakati wandei dzepashure pehondo dzenguva pfupi dzinochengeterwa mumamyuziyamu muUK uye dziripo kushanya.

Ini ndinofunga iyo Prefab Museum ndiyo yakanakisa sosi yeruzivo nezve UK post-WW II prefabs.Payakagadzirwa muna Kurume 2014 naElisabeth Blanchet (munyori wemabhuku akati wandei uye zvinyorwa zveUK prefabs) naJane Hearn, iyo Prefab Museum yaive nemba yayo mune isina munhu prefab paExcalibur Estate kumaodzanyemba London.Mushure memoto muna Gumiguru 2014, iyo museum yakavharwa asi yakaenderera mberi nebasa rayo rekuunganidza nekurekodha ndangariro, mafoto uye zviyeuchidzo, izvo zvinounzwa online kuburikidza nePrefab Museum webhusaiti pane inotevera link:https://www.prefabmuseum.uk

Iwe uchawana rumwe ruzivo muzvinyorwa zvangu pane chaiyo UK post-WW II yakagadziridzwa aluminium uye dzimba dzesimbi pane anotevera malink:

4. Post-WW II prefab aluminium uye dzimba dzesimbi muFrance

Pakupera kweWW II, France, seUK, yaive nekushomeka kwakanyanya kwedzimba nekuda kwehuwandu hwedzimba nedzimba dzakakuvadzwa kana kuparadzwa mukati memakore ehondo, kushaikwa kwekuvaka kutsva panguva iyoyo, uye kushomeka kwezvinhu zvekutsigira zvitsva. kuvaka mushure mehondo.

Kubatsira kudzikisira kushomeka kwedzimba muna 1945, Gurukota reFrance Reconstruction and Urbanism, Jean Monnet, vakatenga zviuru zvisere UK 100 dzimba dzakavakwa kare dzakatorwa neUK kubva kuUS pasi pechibvumirano cheLend-Lease.Idzi dzakavakwa muHauts de France (pedyo neBelgium), Normandy neBrittany, uko dzakawanda dzichiri kushandiswa nhasi.

Ministry of Reconstruction and Town Planning yakagadza zvinodiwa zvekugara kwenguva pfupi kune vanhu vakadzingwa nehondo.Pakati pemagadzirirwo ekutanga akatsvakwa paiva nedzimba dzekugara dzakagara dzakagadzirwa dzinoyera 6 x 6 metres (19.6 x 19.6 tsoka);yakazowedzerwa kusvika 6 × 9 metres (19.6 x 29.5 tsoka).

Dzimba dzenguva pfupi dzinosvika 154,000 (maFrench ainzi panguva iyoyo "baraques"), mumagadzirirwo mazhinji akasiyana, akavakwa muFrance mumakore ekupedzisira kwehondo, kunyanya kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweFrance kubva kuDunkirk kuenda kuSaint-Nazaire.Zvakawanda zvakaunzwa kubva kuSweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria neCanada.

Mutsigiri mukuru wekugadzirwa kwearuminiyamu nesimbi kuFrance aive Jean Prouvé, akapa mhinduro nyowani ye "imba inoparara," yaigona kumiswa zviri nyore uye gare gare "kubviswa" uye kuendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo kana zvichidikanwa.Simbi gantry-yakafanana ne "portal frame" yaiva chivako chinotakura zvinhu cheimba, nedenga raiwanzoitwa nealuminium, uye kunze kwemapuranga akagadzirwa nematanda, aluminium kana zvinhu zvinosanganiswa.Zvizhinji zveizvi zvakagadzirwa muhukuru hwakakumbirwa neBazi Rokuvaka patsva.Pakushanya kumusangano weMaxéville waProuvé muna 1949, Eugène Claudius-Petit, panguva iyoyo aiva Gurukota Rekuvaka Patsva uye Urbanism, akataura kutsunga kwake kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri “kwedzimba dzehupfumi dzichangobva kunambwa (dzakagadzirirwa).

Nhasi, dzakawanda dzeProuvé's demountable aluminium uye dzimba dzesimbi dzinochengetedzwa nemavakirwo uye vateresi vemifananidzo Patrick Seguin (Galerie Patrick Seguin) uye Éric Touchaleaume (Galerie 54 uye la Friche l'Escalette).Gumi dzeProuvé's Standard Dzimba uye ina dzeMaison coques-style dzimba dzakavakwa pakati pa1949 - 1952 inzvimbo dzekugara mudiki diki inozivikanwa se.Cité“Sans souci,” mumasabhubhu eParis eMuedon.

Kugara kwaProuvé muna 1954 uye musangano wake wakatamiswa muna 1946 wakavhurika kune vashanyi kubva pakupera kwesvondo rekutanga muna Chikumi kusvika pakupera kwevhiki munaGunyana muNancy, France.Iyo Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy ine imwe yemakuru makuru ekuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa naProuvé.

Munyori Elisabeth Blanchet anoshuma kuti museum "Mémoire de Soye yakakwanisa kuvaka patsva 'mabaraque' matatu akasiyana: UK 100, yekuFrance uye yekuCanada.Vanogadziridzwa nefenicha kubva kuhondo uye nekukurumidza mushure mehondo.Mémoire de Soye ndiyo chete museum muFrance kwaunogona kushanyira post-war prefabs. "Iyo museum iri muLorient, Brittany.Webhusaiti yavo (muFrench) iri pano:http://www.soye.org

Iwe uchawana rumwe ruzivo nezveFrench post-WW II yakafanogadzirwa aluminium uye dzimba dzesimbi mune yangu chinyorwa cheJean Prouvé's dzimba dzinodzikiswa pane iyi link:https://gkzaeb.a2cdn1.secureserver.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Jean-Prouvé-demountable-houses-converted.pdf

5. Mukupedzisa

MuUS, iyo mushure mehondo kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweyakagadzirwa aruminiyamu nedzimba dzesimbi hazvina kumboitika.Lustron ndiyo yaive yakakura kugadzira dzimba 2,498.MuUK, pamusoro pe92,800 prefabricated aruminiyamu uye simbi dzenguva bungalows dzakavakwa sechikamu chemashure ehondo kuvaka boom iyo yakaunza huwandu hwe156,623 dzakagadzirirwa dzimba dzenguva pfupi dzemarudzi ese pakati pa1945 na1949, pakapera chirongwa.MuFrance, mazana edzimba dzearuminiyamu nesimbi dzakavakwa dzakavakwa mushure meWW II, dzakawanda dzichishandiswa pakutanga sedzimba dzenguva pfupi dzevanhu vakadzingwa nehondo.Mikana yekugadzirwa kwakawanda kwedzimba dzakadaro haina kukura muFrance.

Kushaikwa kwekubudirira muUS kwakasimuka kubva kune akati wandei, kusanganisira:

  • Mutengo wepamusoro-soro wekugadzira tambo yekugadzira yakawanda yedzimba dzakagara dzakagadzirwa, kunyangwe mufekitori hombe, yakawandisa munguva yehondo yaiwanikwa kumugadziri wemba maererano nemari yakanaka.
  • Immature supply chain kutsigira fekitori yekugadzira imba (kureva, vatengesi vakasiyana vanodiwa pane vekare fekitori yendege).
  • Kusashanda kwekutengesa, kugovera uye kuendesa zvivakwa zvedzimba dzakagadzirwa.
  • Mitemo yekuvaka yakasiyana-siyana, isina kugadzirira yenzvimbo uye zviga zvenzvimbo zvakamira munzira yekugara uye kumisa dhizaini yakajairika, dzisiri dzechinyakare prefab dzimba.
  • Kupikisa kubva kumasangano ekuvaka nevashandi vaisada kurasikirwa nebasa nedzimba dzakagadzirwa nefekitari.
  • Mugadziri mumwe chete, Lustron, akagadzira dzimba dzeprefab muhuwandu hwakakosha uye anogona kubatsirwa kubva muhupfumi hwekugadzirwa kwakawanda.Vamwe vagadziri vakagadzira mune zvidiki zvekuti havana kukwanisa kuita shanduko kubva mukugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi kuenda mukugadzirwa kwakawanda.
  • Mutengo wekugadzira unowedzera kuderedzwa kana kubvisa mutengo wekutanga wakafanotaurwa kune yakafanogadzirwa aruminiyamu nedzimba dzesimbi, kunyangwe yeLustron.Vakanga vasingakwanisi kukwikwidzana pamutengo nedzimba dzakafanana dzakavakwa kare.
  • Panyaya yaLustron, mhosva dzehuwori hwemakambani dzakaita kuti Reconstruction Finance Corporation itore zvikwereti zveLustron, zvichimanikidza kambani iyi kutanga kubhuroka.

Kubva pane izvi zvidzidzo zvepashure peWW II zvakadzidzwa, uye nekufarira patsva mu "dzimba diki", zvinoita sekunge panofanira kunge paine bhizinesi nyaya yemazuva ano, inoshoreka, yakangwara fekitori yepasi-mutengo wakawanda-kugadzirwa kwedzimba dzakagara dzakagadzirwa dzakagadzirwa. kubva kualuminium, simbi, uye/kana zvimwe zvinhu.Idzi dzimba dzakagadzirwa kare dzinogona kunge dzakakura-zvine mwero, dzechimanjemanje, dzinoyevedza, dzinoshanda nesimba (LEED-yakasimbiswa), uye inogoneka kusvika padhigirii uchiremekedza dhizaini yakasarudzika.Idzi dzimba dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti dzigadzirwe kugadzirwa kwakawanda uye kugara pane zvidiki munzvimbo dzemadhorobha nemaguta.Ndinotenda kuti kune musika muhombe muUS werudzi urwu rwedzimba dzemitengo yakaderera, kunyanya senzira yekugadzirisa kushomeka kwedzimba kusingadhuri munzvimbo zhinji dzemumaguta nemumadhorobha.Nekudaro, pachine zvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvinofanirwa kukurirwa, kunyanya uko masangano evashandi vekuvaka angangomira munzira uye, muCalifornia, uko pasina munhu achada imba ine mwero yakavakirwa padivi peMcMansion yavo.

Unogona kudhawunirodha kopi yepdf yeichi positi, kwete kusanganisira zvinyorwa zvega, pano:

https://gkzaeb.a2cdn1.secureserver.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Post-WW-II-aluminium-steel-prefab-houses-converted.pdf
6. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo

US post-WW II dambudziko redzimba uye dzimba dzakafanogadzirwa:

UK post-WW II dambudziko redzimba uye yakafanogadzirirwa imba:

Dambudziko redzimba reFrance post-WW II uye dzimba dzakagadzirirwa kare:

Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-12-2022
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